Evol Ecol Res 19: 29-41 (2018)     Full PDF if your library subscribes.

Weak but parallel divergence between kōaro (Galaxias brevipinnis)
from adjacent lake and stream habitats

Travis Ingram¹ and Stephanie M. Bennington²

¹Department of Zoology, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand and ²Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand

Correspondence: T. Ingram, Department of Zoology, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. email: travis.ingram@otago.ac.nz

ABSTRACT

Background: Fish in New Zealand and elsewhere in the temperate Southern Hemisphere rarely show the adaptive divergence in sympatry or parapatry seen elsewhere in the world.

Hypothesis: Galaxiid fish in high-elevation lakes will show parallel morphological shifts across six lake–stream ecotones, possibly accompanied by genetic divergence.

Organism: Kōaro, the climbing galaxias, which is often the sole fish species in New Zealand lakes that lack introduced trout.

Methods: Geometric morphometric analyses of photos taken of live fish collected from lakes and streams to measure the extent and direction of body shape divergence; microsatellite genotyping to measure genetic differentiation.

Results: Kōaro show weak or no genetic differentiation between adjacent lake and stream habitats, but do show generally parallel shifts in body shape between lakes and streams.

Keywords: diadromy, Galaxias brevipinnis, parapatric speciation, phenotypic change vector analysis, phenotypic plasticity.

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